Artificial intelligence and the revitalization of the Yoruba language: prospects, challenges, and digital sustainability in Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the revitalization, preservation, and digital sustainability of the Yoruba language in Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive research design because it focused on exploring existing scholarly perspectives, technological developments, and digital preservation strategies associated with AI-driven indigenous language revitalization. Data were obtained from secondary sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, books, conference proceedings, policy documents, institutional reports, and publications from international organizations such as UNESCO. Materials published between 2018 and 2026 were selected to ensure relevance and alignment with contemporary technological advancements. The study employed content analysis to identify and interpret recurring themes relating to AI technologies, Yoruba language preservation, digital sustainability, opportunities, and implementation challenges. Findings revealed that AI-driven technologies such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), machine translation systems, speech recognition applications, chatbots, digital dictionaries, predictive text systems, and language-learning platforms possess significant potential for strengthening Yoruba language revitalization. The study further revealed that AI can enhance language accessibility, documentation, learning, cultural preservation, and digital participation among younger generations. However, challenges such as inadequate funding, limited digital corpora, insufficient technological infrastructure, poor policy implementation, and weak collaboration among stakeholders continue to hinder effective integration of AI into Yoruba language development. The study concludes that AI has become a strategic tool for ensuring the survival and digital relevance of the Yoruba language in contemporary society. It recommends increased investment in indigenous language technologies, corpus development, educational integration, and collaborative partnerships among linguists, software developers, policymakers, and cultural organizations to ensure the long-term digital sustainability of the Yoruba language in Nigeria