Early childhood care, development and education in Nigeria: foundations for quality and sustainable learning

Abstract

Early Childhood Care, Development and Education (ECCDE) provides the essential foundation for lifelong learning, human capital formation, and sustainable national development. This paper examines the state of ECCDE in Nigeria within the context of rethinking quality education to ensure innovation, inclusion, and sustainability. Drawing on recent empirical studies and policy documents from 2019 to 2025, the paper analyses the gap between Nigeria's progressive policy framework for ECCDE and the reality of implementation on the ground. Key challenges identified include inadequate funding, insufficient teacher preparation, poor infrastructure, limited access in rural and underserved communities, and weak monitoring mechanisms. The paper also highlights emerging opportunities, including the EdoBEST early childhood education initiative, community-based interventions, and new policy directions under the 2020 National Minimum Standards for ECCE. The paper concludes that meaningful progress requires a multi-sectoral approach involving increased budgetary allocation, enhanced teacher education, community engagement, and stronger accountability mechanisms. Recommendations are offered for policymakers, educators, and development partners committed to building a resilient and inclusive early childhood education system in Nigeria.